Object:
Tentyria asiatica Skopin, Platyope proctoleuca chinensis Kasz and Adesima anomala dejeani Gebler, which live in desert and semi-desert environments, have very important ecological and economic values. Due to the high cost of collecting test insects in the field, the collection of eggs, larvae and pupae is very difficult, and detailed reports on the study and biological characterization of laboratory rearing systems of these three insects have not yet been seen. Therefore, there is an urgent need to establish a simple and efficient laboratory rearing method with a high survival rate to study its biological characteristics and to provide sufficient raw materials for subsequent research on antifreeze protein.
Method:
Combining stereomicroscope observation and literature comparison, morphological identification was performed on the collected Tenebrionidae in the field; (2)The mitochondrial genes of the identified Tenebrionidae were examined to further identify the species in conjunction with biological features; (3) Identifying the sex of Tenebrionidae adults using the 8th sternite identification method; (4) Tenebrionidae adults were reared in long plastic containers, larvae were reared in the plastic water bottle method, and eggs were incubated in Petri dishes and observed as prepupae, pupaes and newly emerged adults.
Results:
1. Species Identification
Morphological and molecular biological identification were conducted on three types of Tenebrionidae collected in the field, and it was determined that the three types of Tenebrionidae were T.asiatica , P.P.chinensis and A.A.dejeani, respectively.
2. Establishment of rearing method
A method of systematic rearing of T.asiatica and P.P.chinensis under laboratory conditions was established. Incubate eggs and observe prepupae, pupae, and newly emerged adults using plastic culture dishes. Larvae were reared using the plastic water bottle method by adding a certain amount of pure water to the bottom of the plastic bottles and pouring in washed and dried sand, with the help of the sand's adsorption of water, the water infiltrated upwards to form the wet sand layer-dry and wet sand layer-dry sand layer type of sand layer with varying water content.The larvae were placed in rearing containers and the dry sand layer on the surface was sprinkled with wheat bran and pollen as food. Using this method, both T.asiatica and P.P.chinensis completed their entire life cycle under laboratory conditions. The survival rates of T.asiatica eggs, 1st to 2nd instar larvae, 3rd to last instar larvae, prepupae, pupae, and newly emerged adults were 91.33%, 91.18%, 90.39%, 90.91%, 95.77% and 92.59%, respectively; and those of P.P.chinensis were 89.40%, 85.15%, 86.89%, 94.12%, 91.67% and 92.86%, respectively. Survival rates were high for both species of Desert Tenebrionidae, so this method is suitable for systematic mass rearing of T.asiatica and P.P.chinensis.
3. Biological characteristics of T.asiatica
Adult females of T.asiatica were significantly larger than the males, and the ratio of female to male adults was 1.12:1. T.asiatica successfully completed its life cycle by the above mentioned laboratory rearing method. It was observed that the mean duration of eggs, larvae, prepupae, pupae and newly emerged adults were 6.28, 64.44, 7.75, 10.14 and 10.67 days in that order and the mean survival time of adults was 94.33 days. Larvae have a total of 7 instars, and as the number of instars increases, the size and developmental period of the larvae increase, while the chitinization of the body deepens, and the body color changes from creamy white to brown or brownish black. The larvae do not need to overwinter and can complete the life cycle from egg to adult in one year. Newly emerged adults crawl out of the pupal chamber after their body color turns completely black, female adults become sexually mature after 3~10 days and start laying eggs after mating, averaging 1.86 eggs per female per day, with a variation of 1 to 4 eggs, and a female averages a total of 207 eggs.
Biological characteristics of P.P.chinensis
The females were larger than the males, and the ratio of female to male adults was 1.26:1. Under the above laboratory conditions, the average duration of eggs, larvae, prepupae, pupae, and newly emerged adults was 8.29, 196.19, 9.28, 13.26, and 10.27 days, respectively, and the average survival time of the adults was 67.84 days. The larvae had 8 instars in total, and from the 6th instar onwards, the developmental period and body size increased by leaps and bounds, and the average developmental period of the 8th instar larvae could reach 69.08 days, and the average body weight increased to 367.67 mg. Same as T.asiatica, the color of certain parts of the body deepened with the increase in the age of the larvae in each stage, generally from creamy-white to light yellow, and the degree of chitinization deepened as well. Larvae need to wait until the second year can be metamorphosed into adults, newly emerged female adult body color becomes black and then start laying eggs, the average per female per day to produce 2.89 eggs, the variation of 1 to 5, and a female averages a total of 207 eggs.
5. Observations and measurements of the eggs of nine species of Tenebrionidae were carried out using stereomicroscope, and the results showed that shape and size of T.asiatica, P.P.chinensis and A.A.dejeani were found to differ in size and morphology from the eggs of other genera of Tenebrionidae insects.
Conclusion:
The modified plastic water bottle method can be successfully used to rear a large number of Tenebrionidae under laboratory conditions. (2) The study on the biological characteristics of T.asiatica and P.P.chinensis has been completed, which can provide sufficient raw materials for the extraction of antifreeze proteins. (3) The eggs of T.asiatica, P.P.chinensis and A.A.dejeani were found to differ in size and morphology from the eggs of other genera of Tenebrionidae insects.
谷歌
火狐
