目的：研究艾比湖湿地12种建群植物（盐角草、芦苇、铃铛刺、准噶尔大戟、梭梭、花花柴、碱蓬、戟叶鹅绒藤、黑枸杞、白刺、胡杨和盐节木）根际土壤中未培养菌根真菌的多样性和群落结构及其与环境因子的相关性，并对艾比湖湿地可培养内生真菌进行分离鉴定，为今后内生真菌的应用研究工作奠定基础，也为艾比湖湿地物种多样性的维护和生态恢复提供理论支持。
        方法：本文采集了艾比湖湿地12种植物的根际土壤及其根系，通过测定根际土壤的理化因子来了解艾比湖湿地的土壤环境状况，并通过盐酸-曲利苯蓝染色法对这些植物的根系进行染色，观察根系丛枝菌根真菌的侵染情况；利用湿筛倾析-蔗糖离心法对12种植物根际土壤中的丛枝菌根真菌孢子进行分离鉴定，通过Pearson相关性分析探究丛枝菌根真菌孢子密度和物种丰富度与土壤环境因子的关联；通过Illumina高通量测序技术分析12种植物根际土壤中菌根真菌的多样性和群落结构，利用Spearman探究土壤环境因子与菌根真菌多样性和群落结构的相关性；对采集的12种植物的根系通过根段直接培养法分离根系内生真菌，再结合菌落形态特征和rDNAITS序列分析对其进行鉴定。
        结果：（1）艾比湖湿地土壤pH为7.88～8.92，平均为8.16，均为碱性土壤；含水量为1.03%～17.17%，平均含水量为4.52%，含水量较低；电导率为1.14ms/cm～12.41ms/cm，平均值为6.22ms/mL，含盐量较高；其余理化性质在不同植物之间存在显著差异。（2）从艾比湖湿地12种建群植物的根际土壤中共分离鉴定出AMF9属47种，戟叶鹅绒藤，黑枸杞和铃铛刺三种植物根际土壤AMF的物种丰富度和孢子密度最高；Pearson分析结果显示有效磷与AMF的孢子密度和物种丰富度呈极显著正相关。（3）艾比湖湿地12种建群植物中外生菌根真菌均属于担子菌门（Basidiomycota）和子囊菌门（Ascomycota），地孔菌属（Geopora）、盘菌属（Peziza）和红菇属（Russula）等作为优势属在十二种植物中出现的频率较高；梭梭外生菌根真菌多样性最高，芦苇的最低。（4）艾比湖湿地12种建群植物内生菌根真菌分属于子囊菌门（Ascomycota）、担子菌门（Basidiomycota）、被孢霉门（Mortierellomycota）、毛霉菌门（Mucoromycota）、隐真菌门（Rozellomycota）、壶菌门（Chytridiomycota）、球囊菌门（Glomeromycota）和Aphelidiomycota，其中子囊菌门（Ascomycota）为优势菌门，链格孢霉属（Alternaria）为不同植物共有的优势内生菌根真菌；盐节木内生菌根真菌多样性最高，白刺的最低。（5）Spearman分析表明，pH与外生菌根真菌多样性呈显著正相关，有机质与外生菌根真菌多样性呈极显著正相关；通过前选择筛选出影响外生菌根真菌群落的环境因子是pH、电导率、全钾和有效磷。（6）电导率与内生菌根真菌多样性呈极显著负相关，与TOP10Genus呈显著正相关，全氮与内生菌根真菌群落丰富度呈显著正相关，速效钾与内生菌根真菌呈极显著正相关；通过前选择筛选出影响内生菌根真菌群落结构的环境因子是电导率、全氮、全钾、速效钾、全磷和含水率。（7）对于艾比湖湿地建群植物根系内生真菌的分离鉴定实验，共分离鉴定出114株内生真菌，隶属于3门14属，占比最高的是镰刀菌属（Fusarium），其次是链格孢霉属（Alternaria）；木霉属（Trichoderma）、Monosporascus、新凸轮孢菌属（Neocamarosporium ）和蓝状菌属（Talaromyces）的占比最低。
        结论：（1）艾比湖湿地土壤养分评价较低，属于盐碱土且含水量也低于正常湿地水平。
（2）从艾比湖湿地中共分离鉴定出9属47种AM真菌，戟叶鹅绒藤，黑枸杞和铃铛刺三种植物根际土壤AMF的物种丰富度和孢子密度最高，有效磷对AMF的物种丰富度和孢子密度的影响最大。（3）梭梭外生菌根真菌的多样性最高，盐节木内生菌根真菌的多样性最高，土壤环境因子对菌根真菌的多样性和群落结构的响应结果不一致。（4）从根系中分离的内生真菌隶属于3门14属，子囊菌门（Ascomycota）为优势菌门，镰刀菌属（Fusarium）为优势属。

        [Objective] Study the relationship between the diversity and community structure of uncultivated mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere soil of twelve constructive plants （Salicornia europaea、Phragmites australis、Halimodendron halodendron、Euphorbia soongarica、Haloxylon ammodendron、Kareliniacaspia、Suaedaglauca、Cynanchum sibiricum、Lycium ruthenicum Murr、Nitraria tangutorum Bobr、Populus euphratica、Halocnemum strobilaceum ）in Ebinur Lake wetland and soil environmental factors, in addition, the culturable endophytic fungi were isolated and identified in Ebinur Lake wetland, which laid a foundation for the application research of endophytic fungiin the future, and also provided theoretical support for the maintenance of species diversity and ecological restoration in Ebinur Lake wetland.
        [Methods] In this paper, the rhizosphere soil and root systems of twelve plants in the Ebinur Lake wetland were collected, and we studied the soil environmental conditions of  Ebinur Lake wetland by measuring the physical and chemical factors of the rhizosphere soil; The root systems of twelve plants were dyed by the hydrochloric acid-Triphenylene blue dyeing method to observe the infection status of the twelve plants, and then use a wet screen Decantation-sucrose centrifugation method to separate and identify AMF spores in 12 kinds of plant rhizosphere soils. Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between AMF spore density and species richness and soil environmental factors; We analyze the diversity and community structure of mycorrhizal fungi in 12 plant rhizosphere soils through Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology and Spearman was used to explore the correlation between soil environmental factors and mycorrhizal fungi diversity and community structure; Endophytic fungi were isolated from the roots of the 12 plants collected by direct root culture method, and then identified by the combination of colony morphology and rDNA ITS sequence analysis.
        [Result] (1) The pH of Ebinhu wetland soil ranged from 7.88 to 8.92, with an average of 8.16, all of which were alkaline soils. The water content is 1.03% ~ 17.17%, the average water content is 4.52%, the water content is low; The electrical conductivity is 1.14ms/mL ~ 12.41ms/mL, the average value is 6.22 ms/mL, and the salt content is high. Other physical and chemical properties were significantly different among different plants. (2) A total of 47 species of AMF were isolated and identified from the rhizosphere soil of 12 species of constructive plants in Ebinur Lake wetland. The Halimodendron halodendron、Euphorbia soongarica and Nitraria tangutorum Bobr of AMF in rhizosphere soil are the highest in spore richness and spore density. Pearson analysis shows that available phosphorus has a very significant positive correlation with the species richness and spore density of AMF, and the correlation between other environmental factors and species richness and spore density does not reach a significant level. (3) The 12 species of ectomycorrhizal fungi in the Ebinur Lake wetland belong to the Basidiomycota and Ascomycota；Geopora, Peziza and Russula as the dominant genera appear more frequently in the twelve plants. The diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi of Haloxylon ammodendron is the highest, and that of Phragmites australis communis is the lowest; (4) The 12 species of endophytic mycorrhizal fungi belong to the Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Mortierellomycota, Mucoromycota, Rozellomycota，Chytridiomycota, Glomeromycota and Aphelidiomycota, among which Ascomycota is the dominant phyla, and Alternaria is the dominant endomycorrhizal fungus shared by different plants .The diversity of endophytic mycorrhizal fungi is the highest in Halocnemum strobilaceum and the lowest in Nitraria tangutorum Bobr. (5) Spearman analysis showed that pH was significantly positively correlated with the diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi, and organic matter was extremely significantly positively correlated with the diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi; the environmental factors affecting the ectomycorrhizal fungi community were selected as pH, total potassium, electrical conductivity and available phosphorus. (6) Electrical conductivity has a very significant negative correlation with endophytic fungi diversity, and a significant positive correlation with TOP10 Genus. Total nitrogen has a significant positive correlation with endophytic fungal community richness, and available potassium is extremely significant positive correlation with endomycorrhizal fungi; the environmental factors that affect the community structure of endophytic mycorrhizal fungi were selected as electrical conductivity, total nitrogen, total potassium, available potassium, total phosphorus and moisture content. (7) We isolated and identified 114 endophytic fungi from the roots of 12 constructive plants in the Ebinur Lake wetland, belonging to 3 phyla and 14 genera. The highest proportion was Fusarium, followed by Alternaria, Trichoderma, Monosporascus and Neocamarosporium the proportion of thalaromyces was the lowest.
        [Conclusion] (1) The soil nutrient evaluation of Ebinur Lake wetland is low, which belongs to saline-alkali soil, and its water content is lower than the normal wetland level. (2) The species richness and spore density of AMF in the rhizosphere soil of Halimodendron halodendron, Cynanchum sibiricum、Lycium ruthenicum Murr were the highest ,and available phosphorus had the greatest effect on the species richness and spore density of AMF. (3) The diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi of Haloxylon ammodendron is the highest, and the diversity of endophytic fungi of Halocnemum strobilaceum is the highest. The response of soil environmental factors to the diversity of mycorrhizal fungi and community structure is inconsistent. (4) The endophytic fungi isolated from roots belong to 3 phyla and 14 genera, Ascomycota is the dominant genus, and Fusarium is the dominant genus.

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