目的：调查新疆北疆地区各类精神障碍的患病现况，探究各类精神障碍患病的相关影响因素，了解新疆北疆地区居民的心理健康状况，以针对性预防控制疾病发生发展、合理化分配医疗资源。

方法：采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法，于2021年11月~2022年7月在新疆北疆五个地区或城市（乌鲁木齐市、五家渠市、石河子市、伊犁哈萨克自治州、塔城地区）随机抽取15岁及以上人群4400人，最终获得有效样本量3853人。采用一般人口学调查表、自评量表（一般用健康问卷、心境障碍问卷、90项症状清单等）以及他评量表（汉密尔顿抑郁量表、贝克-拉范森躁狂量表、简易精神状态量表等）作为调查工具，以国际疾病分类第10版（ICD-10）中的精神与行为障碍分类为诊断标准，由两名具有五年及以上工作经验的精神科医师对受访者进行精神障碍的诊断，诊断不一致者由精神科主任或副主任医师进行二次诊断。使用χ²检验探究不同社会人口学因素下各类精神障碍的患病率差异，Logistic回归分析探讨各类精神障碍患病的独立影响因素，通过SCL-90量表评分整体评估北疆地区居民的心理健康状况，t检验比较不同人群SCL-90量表各维度间得分差异。

结果：

新疆北疆地区总精神障碍的时点患病率为9.71%（95%CI=8.77~10.64），年龄调整率为10.07%（95%CI=9.10~11.03）。

总精神障碍患病率在不同社会人口学分布下：女性高于男性（11.50%>7.28%；χ²=19.111, P<0.001）；离异人群高于其他婚姻状况人群（21.59%；χ²=15.098, P=0.005）；文盲群体高于其他文化程度人群（36.49%；χ²=117.071, P<0.001）；月均收入2000元以下群体高于其他收入段人群（11.08%；χ²=10.810, P=0.004）。

Logistic回归分析可知：

女性（OR=1.912；95%CI=1.501~2.437）、离异（OR=2.272；95%CI=1.307~3.948）、文盲（OR=11.686；95%CI=6.624~20.619）及饮酒（OR=1.517；95%CI=1.182~1.948）人群患各类精神障碍的风险较高；

女性（OR=1.977；95%CI=1.401~2.792）、25~34岁（OR=5.342；95%CI=1.414~20.188）、文盲（OR=6.173；95%CI=2.205~17.281）、月均收入2000元以下（OR=2.379；95%CI=1.085~5.216）、饮酒人群（OR=1.524；95%CI=1.079~2.153）患心境障碍的风险较高；

女性（OR=1.824；95%CI=1.272~2.616）、年龄≥65岁（OR=3.868；95%CI=1.716~8.720）、饮酒人群（OR=1.547；95%CI=1.067~2.242）患焦虑障碍的风险较高；

农村人群（OR=4.770；95%CI=1.626~13.993）患精神分裂症的风险较高，中专/高中学历人群患精神分裂症风险较低（OR=0.094；95%CI=0.016~0.549）。

SCL-90量表中，除恐怖因子外，新疆北疆地区居民其余因子得分较全国常模好,其中男性得分优于女性得分。

结论：

新疆北疆地区精神障碍检出率为9.71%，年龄调整率为10.07%，其中心境障碍和焦虑障碍的患病率较高；

影响各类精神障碍患病的因素有同有异，其中女性、离异、低文化程度、低收入及饮酒人群等为精神障碍患病的高危人群。

总体来看，新疆北疆地区居民的心理健康状况较全国常模好。

Objective: 

To investigate the prevalence of various mental disorders in northern Xinjiang, to investigate the the influencing factors of various mental disorders, and to understand the mental health status of the residents in northern Xinjiang, so as to target the prevention and control of disease development and rationalize the allocation of medical resources.

Methods: 

A multi-stage stratified whole-group sampling method was used to randomly select 4400 people aged 15 years and above in five regions or cities (Urumqi, Wujiaqu, Shihezi, Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, and Tacheng region) in northern Xinjiang from November 2021 to July 2022, and a final valid sample size of 3853 people was obtained. The study instruments used were general demographic questionnaires, self-assessment scales (Ceneral Health Questionnaire, Symptom Checklist 90, and Mood Disorders Questionnaire, etc.), and others-assessment scales (Hamilton Depression Inventory, Bech-Rafaelsen Mania Rating Scale , Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, etc.). Using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) classification of mental and behavioral disorders as the diagnostic criteria, two psychiatrists with five years or more of experience diagnosed the respondents with mental disorders, and those with inconsistent diagnoses were diagnosed secondarily by the chief or deputy chief psychiatrist. The χ² test was used to investigate the differences in the prevalence of various mental disorders under different sociodemographic factors, and logistic regression analysis was used to explore the independent factors influencing the prevalence of various mental disorders. The mental health status of residents in northern Xinjiang was assessed overall by the SCL-90 scale scores, and the t-test was used to compare the differences in the scores of each dimension of the SCL-90 scale among different populations.

Results:

The point-in-time prevalence of any mental disorder in northern Xinjiang was 9.71% (95% CI= 8.77-10.64) and the age-adjusted rate was 10.07% (95% CI= 9.10-11.03).

Prevalence of mental disorders under different sociodemographic distributions: Females were higher than males (11.50%>7.28%; χ²=19.111, P<0.001); divorced people were higher than people with other marital status (21.59%; χ²=15.098, P=0.005); illiterate people were higher than people with other literacy levels (36.49%; χ²=117.071, P<0.001); average monthly income of less than 2000 Yuan was higher than people with other income bands (11.08%; χ²=10.810, P=0.004).

Logistic regression analysis reveals that: 

Females (OR=1.912; 95%CI=1.501 to 2.437), divorcees (OR=2.272; 95%CI=1.307 to 3.948), illiterate (OR=11.686; 95%CI=6.624 to 20.619) and alcohol drinkers (OR=1.517; 95%CI=1.182 to 1.948) were at higher risk of various types of mental disorders.

Females (OR=1.977; 95%CI=1.401-2.792), people aged 25-34 years (OR=5.342; 95% CI=1.414-20.188), illiterate (OR=6.173; 95%CI=2.205-17.281), people with average monthly income less than 2000 Yuan (OR=2.379; 95%CI= 1.085-5.216), and alcohol drinkers (OR=1.524; 95%CI=1.079-2.153) had a higher risk of developing mood disorders.

Females (OR=1.824; 95%CI=1.272-2.616), people aged ≥65 years (OR=3.868; 95%CI=1.716-8.720), and alcohol drinkers (OR=1.547; 95%CI=1.067-2.242) were at higher risk of developing anxiety disorders.

Rural populations (OR=4.770; 95%CI=1.626-13.993) had a higher risk of schizophrenia and those with secondary/high school education had a lower risk of schizophrenia (OR=0.094; 95%CI=0.016-0.549).

In the SCL-90 scale, except for the terror factor, residents in the northern Xinjiang region scored better than the national norm, with men scoring better than women.

Conclusion:

The detection rate of mental disorders was 9.71% in northern Xinjiang, the age-adjusted rate was 10.07%, with a higher prevalence of mood disorders and anxiety disorders.

There are similarities and differences in the influencing factors associated with the prevalence of various types of mental disorders, with females, divorce, low education level, low income and alcohol consumption being the high risk groups for mental disorders.

Overall, the mental health status of residents in northern Xinjiang is better than the national norm.

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