光肩星天牛（Anoplophora glabripennis Motschulsky）作为一种入侵性极强的林业蛀干害虫，在新疆局部地区传入多年，以杨树为绝对优势的防护林健康受到巨大威胁。尽管前期采取了生物和化学防治，光肩星天牛的虫口基数并未得到有效压制，危害仍然十分严重。为此，本研究通过MaxEnt软件预测光肩星天牛及其重要天敌的适生区；调查光肩星天牛在树干上的危害痕迹，建立光肩星天牛在杨树树干上的分布模型；通过机车高压喷施、注干施药、飞机喷雾，评估不同施药方式的防效；探索药剂在树体的传导规律，评估直升机喷雾作业质量，为光肩星天牛的综合防治提供理论基础和技术支撑。取得的研究结果如下：

1. 基于MaxEnt预测了光肩星天牛及其重要天敌（花绒寄甲、大斑啄木鸟）的适生区。模型结果表明，3个物种在未来气候阶段（2050和2090）均有向北迁移的趋势，且光肩星天牛质心转移的纬度范围远高于花绒寄甲和大斑啄木鸟。尽管在当前气候阶段，新疆、内蒙古等光肩星天牛严重危害的区域不适合引入天敌进行防治，但在未来气候阶段，这些地方将成为天敌防控光肩星天牛的潜在适生区域。

2. 调查了光肩星天牛在新疆杨和俄罗斯杨树干上的垂直分布规律。结果表明，光肩星天牛的危害痕迹与树高、胸径之间有显著的回归关系。相较于俄罗斯杨，光肩星天牛对新疆杨的危害更轻；相较于纯林，光肩星天牛对混交林的危害更轻。光肩星天牛在新疆杨树干上10 m以下的虫口率为81.76%-86.89%，俄罗斯杨树干上10 m以下的虫口率在74.11%-76.49%。

3. 评估了两种地面化学防控方式（高压喷施和注干施药）和两种常用杀虫剂（噻虫啉和吡虫啉）对光肩星天牛幼虫的防治效果。从连续两年的试验观察结果来看，噻虫啉和吡虫啉均能够降低光肩星天牛幼虫在树干内的存活率，且主要集中在药后30 d内挥发效果；通过对比噻虫啉和吡虫啉、高压喷施和注干施药的防效，结论为：噻虫啉＞吡虫啉、注干施药＞高压喷施。结果认为，可在今后防治选用噻虫啉注干施药的方式防治光肩星天牛幼虫。

4. 研究了噻虫啉注干施药后在树体内的传导分布规律。噻虫啉注入木质部导管运输后，依靠蒸腾拉力的作用，随水分向上传导运输，传导过程中发生径向扩散，使药液分布到冠层不同方位的枝叶中，此后部分药液又会随着韧皮部的养分运输途径向下传导，因此，结论认为噻虫啉在青杨和竹柳体内既存在双向传导，也存在径向扩散。噻虫啉整体分布规律为叶片＞韧皮部＞木质部的含量，树体的东南方位叶片的药液含量高于其它方位，向阳面树干内的药液含量高于背阴面。

5. 评估直升机R44对防护林和行道树喷雾作业后的雾滴质量及着药量检测。经飞机喷雾后，噻虫啉的雾滴数量的变化规律表现为上部＞中部＞下部＞地面，雾滴直径的变化表现为从上到下逐渐降低。飞机喷雾时，防护林比行道树更易受雾滴飘移影响。噻虫啉含量在树体分布的趋势为：上部＜中部＜下部＜树干，且药液渗透后的内吸传导并未显著造成药液向上部富集，而更多取决于药剂在初始时的沉积量。

6. 评估连续两年注干施药、飞机防治以及立体式化学防控技术对光肩星天牛的防治效果。剖干检查发现，注干施用噻虫啉的有效高度（对光肩星天牛有致死效果）在7.2-7.8 m。单一防控技术（注干施药、飞机防治）的防治效果只对降低当年的虫口密度有效，连续两年施用后，光肩星天牛的自然种群密度基本保持稳定；而立体式防控技术的防效表明，光肩星天牛的虫口密度逐年降低，且第二年的虫口密度比第一年显著降低了66.31%-92.84%。在3种化学防控措施中，立体式化学防控技术对光肩星天牛的防治效果最好。

The Asian longhorned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis Motschulsky), as a highly invasive forest stem borer, has been introduced into local areas of Xinjiang for many years, and the health of shelter forest with poplar as the absolute advantage is greatly threatened. Despite the previous biological and chemical control, the population base of A. glabripennis has not been effectively suppressed, and the damage is still very serious. Therefore, this study predicted the suitable areas of A. glabripennis and its important natural enemies by MaxEnt software, investigated the damage traces of A. glabripennis on poplar, and established the distribution model of A. glabripennis on poplar trunk. Through airblast, trunk injection and aerially spraying, the control effect of different application methods was evaluated, the transmission law of pesticides in trees was explored, and the quality of helicopter spraying was evaluated, which provided theoretical basis and technical support for the comprehensive control of A. glabripennis. The results are as follows:

1. Based on MaxEnt, the suitable areas of A. glabripennis and its important natural enemies (Dastarcus helophoroides and Dendrocopos major) were predicted. The model results showed that the three species had a tendency to migrate northward in the future climate stages (2050 and 2090), and the latitude range of the centroid shift of A. glabripennis was much higher than that of D. helophoroides and D. major. Although in the current climate stage, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia and other areas seriously endangered by A. glabripennis are not suitable for the introduction of natural enemies for prevention and control. In the future climate stage, these areas will become potential suitable areas for natural enemies to prevent and control A. glabripennis.

2. The vertical distribution of A. glabripennis on the trunk of Populus alba var. pyramidalis and P. russkii were studied. The results showed that there was a significant regression relationship between the damage traces of A. glabripennis and tree height and diameter at breast height. Compared with P. russkii, A. glabripennis is less harmful to P. alba var. pyramidalis; compared with pure forest, A. glabripennis is less harmful to mixed forest. The population rate of A. glabripennis below 10 m on trunks in P. alba var. pyramidalis was 81.76% -86.89%, and the population rate of A. glabripennis below 10 m on trunks in P. russkii was 74.11 % -76.49 %.

3. The control effects of two ground chemical control methods (airblast and trunk injection) and two commonly used insecticides (thiacloprid and imidacloprid) on A. glabripennis larvae were evaluated. From the results of two consecutive years of experimental observation, thiacloprid and imidacloprid could reduce the survival rate of A. glabripennis larvae in the trunk, and mainly concentrated in the volatilization effect within 30 days after treatment. The thiacloprid control effect higher than imidacloprid, and trunk injection control effect higher than airblast. It concluded that thiacloprid could be used to control A. glabripennis larvae.

4. The conduction distribution of thiacloprid in trees after trunk injection was evaluated. The results showed that after the injection of thiacloprid into the xylem, it was transported upwards with water by the action of transpiration tension, and the radial diffusion occurred during the conduction process, so that the liquid was distributed to the branches and leaves in different directions of the canopy. After that, some of the liquid was transmitted downwards with the nutrient transport pathway of the phloem. Therefore, it is concluded that thiacloprid has both longitudinal transport and transverse transport in P. cathayana and Salix hybrid, and bidirectional conduction also occurs. The overall distribution of thiacloprid was leaf > phloem > xylem. The content of pesticide solution in the southeast of the tree was higher than that in other directions, and the content of pesticide solution in the sunny trunk was higher than that in the shade.

5. The droplet quality and dosage of helicopter R44 after spraying shelter forest and street trees were evaluated. After aerially spraying, the variation of the number of thiacloprid droplets was upper > middle > lower > ground, and the change of droplet diameter was gradually reduced from top to bottom. When the aerially sprays, the protective forest is more likely to drift than the street trees. The distribution trend of thiacloprid content in the tree was as follows: upper < middle < lower < trunk, and the internal absorption and conduction after the penetration of the liquid did not significantly cause the liquid to accumulate to the upper part, but more depended on the initial deposition of the agent.

6. The control effects of trunk injection, aerially control and tridimensional chemical control technology on A. glabripennis were evaluated for two consecutive years. It was found that the effective height of thiacloprid was about 7.2-7.8 m. The control effect of single prevention and control technology (trunk injection and aerially control) was only effective in reducing the population density of the year. After two consecutive years of application, the natural population density of A. glabripennis remained basically stable. The control effect of the tridimensional chemical control technology showed that the population density of A. glabripennis decreased year by year, and the population density in the second year was significantly lower than that in the first year by 66.31%-92.84%. Among the three chemical control measures, the tridimensional chemical control technology had the best control effect on A. glabripennis.

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