目的： 宽恕是被冒犯者对冒犯者侵犯行为的去消极化，幸福感则是人们对生活或自身心理机能的满意度。近年的研究表明，宽恕与其他的伤害应对策略相比，对解决面临的困难，促进利他行为，提升幸福感以及促进心理健康有更好的效果。青少年正处在身心发展的关键期，在生活和学习中发展自己的朋友关系和友谊的同时，摩擦在所难免，而妥善的处理人际冒犯是顺利适应生活，增强幸福感的重要因素。宽恕作为重要的人际交往支持系统，对个体的身心发展具有重要意义。研究维吾尔族青少年宽恕发展现状及其影响因素，以及宽恕对幸福感的影响机制等，对学校开展青少年宽恕教育，提升青少年德育效果等有重要的理论意义。 方法： 本研究以新疆维吾尔族青少年为研究主体，通过问卷调查法，研究维吾尔族青少年宽恕心理；通过问卷调查与实验法，研究宽恕与幸福感的关系及朋友关系对其的影响。 结果： （1）维吾尔族青少年人际信任、自尊、共情和宽恕他人之间两两显著正相关（P<0.01）。进一步进行的回归和结构方程分析结果显示，自尊在人际信任和宽恕之间起中介作用(effect=22.7%)；类似的，共情也在人际信任和宽恕之间起中介作用(effect=15.9%)；人际信任通过自尊、自尊又通过共情的链式中介影响宽恕。研究结果显示，人际信任通过自尊、共情的中介作用和自尊--共情的多重中介作用等间接路径影响个体的宽恕行为。 （2）维吾尔族青少年人群里，宽恕各维度与幸福感各维度之间存在显著的相关（P<0.01），宽恕他人、宽恕自己对主观幸福感和心理幸福感均有显著预测作用（P<0.001）。同时，朋友关系显著影响维吾尔族青少年宽恕对主观幸福感的预测：自我报告方式的宽恕对主观幸福感的影响特点是，对朋友的高宽恕与高幸福感相关，而对非朋友的低宽恕与高幸福感相关。而以行为方式表现的宽恕对主观幸福感的影响是，无论朋友还是非朋友，高宽恕均与高幸福感相关。 结论： 本文通过研究维吾尔族青少年宽恕心理及宽恕对幸福感的影响，阐明了维吾尔族青少年宽恕心理的内在影响机制，以及朋友关系对宽恕和幸福感相互作用的影响方式。本研究表明，宽恕行为对于提高幸福感，增进人际交往，有重要的促进作用；而人际信任则通过直接以及链式中介的方式，影响宽恕行为。本研究将对于提升青少年的宽恕水平，培养良好的人际关系具有重要意义。

Objects: Forgiveness is the positively re-attribution the offending behavioral, and well-beings are self-rating of the physiological or psychological satisfactions. Both are crucial factors for the establishing and maintaining long term social relationship. Recent Researched indicated that forgive the offending could be beneficial to psychological and subjective well-beings and is superior to the traditional offence countermeasures in improve personal situations, promote altruistic behaviors, increasing psychological and subjective well-beings, and benefit mental health. Adolescent hood is an important period for people to establish long-term relationship nevertheless also is a period which interpersonal conflicts were very common. Forgiveness could be an important factor to potentially benefiting the development during this period. The investigation of the current state of forgiveness and how forgiveness will affect well-beings, will provide important theoretical insights in both forgiveness education practicing and prompting adolescents’ ethical level. Method: The present investigation using questionnaire and quasi-experiment to study the Uyghur adolescents’ forgiveness and how forgiveness could affect other psychological elements. Results: (1) Interpersonal trust, self-esteem and empathy were significantly positively correlated with interpersonal forgiveness behavior (P<0.01)．Regression and structural equation modeling showed that interpersonal trust had significantly direct effect on interpersonal forgiveness behavior．Self-esteem and empathy had significantly mediating effect between interpersonal trust and interpersonal forgiveness behavior (effect=22.7%/15.9%). The existence of self-esteem empathy multiple mediating effects is also confirmed by the present study. (2) Sub-dimensions of forgiveness and dimension of psychological well-beings were significantly correlated with each other (P<0.01). Forgiveness toward self and toward peers, both predicted higher psychological well-being (P<0.001). Friendship significantly affected the interaction of forgiveness and psychological well-being. Self-reported forgiveness toward friends is positively correlated with subjective well-being, while self-reported forgiveness toward non-friends is negatively correlated with subjective well-being. While behavioral forgiveness is positively correlated with subjective well-being regardless of friendship status. Conclusion: The present study focus on the relationships between various factors with forgiveness behavior and well-beings, descripted the internal mechanism of forgiveness in Uyghur youth population, and the modulation of friendship status toward forgiveness well-being relationship. The present study indicated that forgiveness could promote well-beings, and facilitate interpersonal relationship; and interpersonal trust could affect forgiveness directly or via mediating. The finding of this study will have important theoretical and application value for better promoting forgiveness and interpersonal relationships in Uyghur populations.

中文 1 岑国桢. 从公正到关爱、宽恕──道德心理研究三主题略述[J]. 心理科学, 1998, (2): 163-166. 2 陈利君, 流动儿童幸福感影响因素分析[J].湖南第一师范学院学报,2017,17(04):41-45. 3 陈巍, 齐星亮, 袁逖飞,等. 从共情缺损到过度系统化:自闭症的成因释疑及其应用[J]. 中国特殊教育, 2012(7):63-68. 4 陈武英,卢家楣,刘连启,林文毅.共情的性别差异[J].心理科学进展,2014,22(09):1423-1434. 5 陈雪. 大学生归因风格、宽恕及攻击性的关系研究[D]. 广西师范大学, 2013. 6 陈雅彬. 大学生自我宽恕与其归因、自尊的关系研究[D]. 福建师范大学, 2013. 7 崔映飞. 儿童青少年道德认知与宽恕发展水平的比较研究[D]. 南京师范大学, 2008. 8 戴艳, 高玮, 黄郁. 心理复原力对大学新生主观幸福感的影响 ——宽恕他人与宽恕自我的作用[J]. 四川理工学院学报(社会科学版), 2016, 31(01):11-19. 9 丁道群，沈模卫．人格特质，网络社会支持与网络人际信任的关系[J].心理科学, 2005, 28(2):300-303． 10 付进, 黎玉兰, 罗锂. 大学生自尊与宽恕倾向的关系:社会认可需要的中介作用[J]. 心理学探新, 2016, 36(2):171-175. 11 傅宏. 基于中国大学生样本的宽恕及其相关人格因素分析[J]. 教育研究与实验, 2006(1):58-63. 12 胡三嫚,张爱卿,钟华,贾艳杰.大学二年级学生人际宽恕与报复心理及其与抑郁的关系研究[J].心理发展与教,2005(01):104-108. 13 贾笑颖. 大学生共情现状及其干预研究[D]. 扬州大学, 2014. 14 贾兆飞．情境性宽恕下异质性高自尊对大学生人际冲突解决方式的影响[D].南京: 南京师范大学，2014 15 姜永杰, 谭顶良. 大学生宽恕与主观幸福感的关系:人际关系的中介作用[J]. 南通大学学报:社会科学版, 2016, 32(1):136-140. 16 孔德姣. 高中生宽恕心理与其自尊、人际信任的关系[D]. 河南: 河南大学, 2009. 17 赖建维,郑钢,刘锋.中学生同伴关系对自尊影响的研究[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2008(01):74-76. 18 黎玉兰, 付进. 大学生自尊与宽恕倾向的关系:归因的中介作用[J]. 中国临床心理学杂志, 2013, 21(1):129-132. 19 李大荣. 初中生人格、宽恕与生活满意度的关系研究[D]. 河北师范大学, 2011. 20 李威. 宽恕心理与自尊、信任之间的关系[J]. 祖国, 2014(4). 21 李小玲. 父母教养方式、共情、冗思与大学生宽恕的关系研究[D]. 中南大学, 2014. 22 梁媛, 张红兵. 宽恕的心理学研究综述[J]. 边疆经济与文化, 2012(1):165-166. 23 林崇德.发展心理学[M].北京:人民教育出版社,1995. 24 林维芬. Enright宽恕取向之正向情绪教育方案对忧郁倾向儿童宽恕态度、心理幸福感与忧郁情绪调节效果之研究[J]. 2011. 25 刘会驰, 吴明霞. 大学生宽恕、人际关系满意感与主观幸福感的关系研究[J]. 中国临床心理学杂志, 2011, 19(4):531-533. 26 刘冉. 国内外自尊影响因素研究综述[J]. 学理论, 2015(17):51-52. 27 刘天一. 初中生宽恕水平、自尊及其对攻击性的影响探究[D]. 曲阜师范大学, 2013. 28 罗春明,黄希庭. 宽恕的心理学研究[J]. 心理科学进展, 2004, 12(6): 908-915. 29 罗文建, 陈小异. 大学生宽恕行为与自尊的相关研究[J]. 健康研究, 2013, 33(1):58-60. 30 罗小漫, 郑德银, 刘文令,等. 高职生共情与宽恕的关系:特质愤怒的调节作用[J]. 中国特殊教育, 2013(5):77+89-93. 31 李兆良,高燕,赵太阳,等.大学生宽恕与人际关系困扰的相关探讨[J].医学与社会,2010,23(7):87-97. 32 马颖,刘电芝.中学生学习主观幸福感及其影响因素的初步研究[J].心理发展与教育,2005(01):74-79. 33 倪伟. 中学生宽恕风格的发展及其与道德判断能力的相关研究[J]. 南京师大学报(社会科学版), 2001(2):98-104. 34 聂兵霞. 大学生公正世界信念与宽恕的关系:自尊、感恩的中介作用[D]. 哈尔滨师范大学, 2015. 35 祁焦霞. 大学生应对效能、归因风格与自我宽恕水平的关系研究[D]. 广州大学, 2010. 36 邱圣童,赵梓晴,王言,雷秀雅.高中生自悯、人际信任与宽恕特质关系[J].心理研究,2017,10(01):84-90. 37 石晓帆. 朝鲜族大学生民族认同与自尊、心理幸福感的关系研究[D]. 延边大学, 2011. 38 陶琳瑾, 张婷婷, 闵洋璐. 小学生宽恕倾向的发展特点[J]. 新课程•上旬, 2015(12):11-13. 39 陶琳瑾. 6—12岁小学儿童宽恕倾向发展特点研究[D]. 南京师范大学, 2007. 40 田录梅, 李双. 自尊概念辨析[J]. 心理学探新, 2005, 25(2):26-29. 41 田录梅, 杨婧, 于芳荣. 初中生自尊、同伴接纳与不同宽恕的关系[J]. 中国临床心理学杂志, 2015, 23(2):336-338. 42 田录梅. Rosenberg(1965)自尊量表中文版的美中不足[J]. 心理学探新, 2006,26(2): 88-91. 43 童碧柳. 初中生宽恕状况及其心理干预研究[D]. 江西师范大学, 2009. 44 王皓. 3-6岁幼儿宽恕倾向及其发展特点的研究[D]. 南京师范大学, 2007. 45 王琼. 大学生自我宽恕倾向对人际适应性的影响[D]. 南京师范大学, 2014. 46 王玉. 大学生宽恕倾向与主观幸福感:社会支持的中介作用[J]. 现代预防医学, 2014, 41(15). 47 魏运华. 自尊的结构模型及儿童自尊量表的编制[J]. 心理发展与教育, 1997, V13(3):31-38.

中文 1 岑国桢. 从公正到关爱、宽恕──道德心理研究三主题略述[J]. 心理科学, 1998, (2): 163-166. 2 陈利君, 流动儿童幸福感影响因素分析[J].湖南第一师范学院学报,2017,17(04):41-45. 3 陈巍, 齐星亮, 袁逖飞,等. 从共情缺损到过度系统化:自闭症的成因释疑及其应用[J]. 中国特殊教育, 2012(7):63-68. 4 陈武英,卢家楣,刘连启,林文毅.共情的性别差异[J].心理科学进展,2014,22(09):1423-1434. 5 陈雪. 大学生归因风格、宽恕及攻击性的关系研究[D]. 广西师范大学, 2013. 6 陈雅彬. 大学生自我宽恕与其归因、自尊的关系研究[D]. 福建师范大学, 2013. 7 崔映飞. 儿童青少年道德认知与宽恕发展水平的比较研究[D]. 南京师范大学, 2008. 8 戴艳, 高玮, 黄郁. 心理复原力对大学新生主观幸福感的影响 ——宽恕他人与宽恕自我的作用[J]. 四川理工学院学报(社会科学版), 2016, 31(01):11-19. 9 丁道群，沈模卫．人格特质，网络社会支持与网络人际信任的关系[J].心理科学, 2005, 28(2):300-303． 10 付进, 黎玉兰, 罗锂. 大学生自尊与宽恕倾向的关系:社会认可需要的中介作用[J]. 心理学探新, 2016, 36(2):171-175. 11 傅宏. 基于中国大学生样本的宽恕及其相关人格因素分析[J]. 教育研究与实验, 2006(1):58-63. 12 胡三嫚,张爱卿,钟华,贾艳杰.大学二年级学生人际宽恕与报复心理及其与抑郁的关系研究[J].心理发展与教,2005(01):104-108. 13 贾笑颖. 大学生共情现状及其干预研究[D]. 扬州大学, 2014. 14 贾兆飞．情境性宽恕下异质性高自尊对大学生人际冲突解决方式的影响[D].南京: 南京师范大学，2014 15 姜永杰, 谭顶良. 大学生宽恕与主观幸福感的关系:人际关系的中介作用[J]. 南通大学学报:社会科学版, 2016, 32(1):136-140. 16 孔德姣. 高中生宽恕心理与其自尊、人际信任的关系[D]. 河南: 河南大学, 2009. 17 赖建维,郑钢,刘锋.中学生同伴关系对自尊影响的研究[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2008(01):74-76. 18 黎玉兰, 付进. 大学生自尊与宽恕倾向的关系:归因的中介作用[J]. 中国临床心理学杂志, 2013, 21(1):129-132. 19 李大荣. 初中生人格、宽恕与生活满意度的关系研究[D]. 河北师范大学, 2011. 20 李威. 宽恕心理与自尊、信任之间的关系[J]. 祖国, 2014(4). 21 李小玲. 父母教养方式、共情、冗思与大学生宽恕的关系研究[D]. 中南大学, 2014. 22 梁媛, 张红兵. 宽恕的心理学研究综述[J]. 边疆经济与文化, 2012(1):165-166. 23 林崇德.发展心理学[M].北京:人民教育出版社,1995. 24 林维芬. 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