精细农业技术已成为新世纪各国关注和研究的重要课题，而作物产量的空间分布是农田变量耕作的基础。如何快速、方便、准确的获取作物空间分布对于实施精细农业、提高经济效益具有重要意义。在中国，玉米，小麦和其他粮食作物的产量监测技术的应用推动着精细农业的发展，但棉花的产量监测技术仍处于起步阶段。棉花是我国重要的经济作物和战略物资，采棉是一种劳动强度高、劳动力大、季节性强的生产活动。目前，新疆作为棉花的主要产区，其大规模棉花生产机械化替代了高成本的劳动力，随着采棉机的增多，为棉花收获监测提供了基础平台。因此，本论文基于现有采棉机机型提出了一种高效、可靠的棉花流量监测技术。本文主要应用了无线传感器网络（Wireless Sensor Networks，WSN）技术、北斗定位系统和北斗短报文通信技术，设计并研究了基于WSN的采棉机产量在线监测系统，本文的主要内容和创新点如下：

1.设计了红外辐射式棉花产量监测装置。通过测量静态棉的形状特征，确定棉花的直径和质量分布图，建立棉花模型，为监测装置的设计提供理论依据。分析现有采棉机输棉管道棉花的流量状态，通过对棉管中棉花动态特性的研究，确定了合理的对射式传感器数量。同时，选择合适的传感器模块，设计红外对射式棉花产量监测装置，并设计其安装方案。

2.数据传输方法研究，主要分为两部分：采棉机内部的短程无线传输和采棉机与在线监测平台的远程数据传输。采棉机内部的短程无线传输采用无线传感器网络（WSN）技术：选用STM32F103单片机作为处理器，CC2530射频模块作为无线收发器设计流量传感器节点，提出了一种简单易行的自组织网络协议。节点软件采用C语言编写，实现节点与节点之间，网关节点与主机之间的通信，采用适当的休眠策略，降低节点的功耗；远程北斗短报文数据传输方法研究：根据北斗短报文通信协议，制定用户机和外围设备的编码方式，将用户机输出信息远程传输到外围设备，并调度信息。实现了用户机器的外围设备。利用北斗定位技术和远程通信技术，进行系统运行测试，校正监测参数，最终实现对采棉机信息获取和远程调度的在线监测。

3.棉花产量监测数据处理：红外传感器通过无线传感器网络输出的模拟信号通过滤波和阈值分割转换成数字信号，并完成数据预处理，便于棉花流量数字信息的分析。为了大大提高系统监测精度，提出了基于三维图像处理算法的棉花流量信号的自干扰噪声和相互干扰噪声消除，使用三维膨胀腐蚀算法等噪声消除方法，实现棉花产量精确监测。

4.在线监控系统的移植和测试：基于新疆新建现代农业工程开发有限公司的采棉机在线远程监控系统，构建基于互联网的实时采棉管理和网络共享平台；根据获取的采棉机状态信息及棉花产量数据生成棉花空间分布图，建立棉花产量变化模型，生成处方图，为棉花变量管理提供理论依据。同时，进行了系统测试，验证了系统的可行性，并获得了系统的监测误差。

Fine agricultural technology has become an important topic of concern and research in the new century, and the spatial distribution of crop yield is the basis of farmland variable farming. How to obtain crop spatial distribution quickly, conveniently and accurately is of great significance for implementing fine agriculture and improving economic benefits. In China, the application of yield monitoring techniques for corn, wheat and other food crops is driving the development of precision agriculture, but cotton production monitoring technology is still in its infancy. Cotton is an important economic crop and strategic material in China. Cotton mining is a production activity with high labor intensity, large labor force and strong seasonality. At present, as a major cotton producing area, Xinjiang's large-scale cotton production mechanization has replaced high-cost labor. With the increase of cotton pickers, it provides a basic platform for cotton harvest monitoring. Therefore, this paper proposes an efficient and reliable cotton flow monitoring technology based on the existing cotton picker models. This paper mainly applies Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) technology, Beidou positioning system and Beidou short message communication technology. The WSN-based online monitoring system for cotton picker production is designed and studied. The main contents and innovations of this paper are as follows: :

1. Designed an infrared radiation type cotton production monitoring device. By measuring the shape characteristics of static cotton, the diameter and mass distribution map of cotton are determined, and the cotton model is established to provide a theoretical basis for the design of the monitoring device. The flow state of cotton in the cotton pipe of the existing cotton picker is analyzed. Through the study of the dynamic characteristics of cotton in the cotton pipe, the number of reasonable on-beam sensors is determined. At the same time, select the appropriate sensor module, design the infrared radiation type cotton production monitoring device, and design its installation plan.

2. Data transmission method research is mainly divided into two parts: short-range wireless transmission inside the cotton picker and remote data transmission between the cotton picker and the online monitoring platform. The short-range wireless transmission inside the cotton picker adopts the wireless sensor network (WSN) technology: the STM32F103 single-chip microcomputer is selected as the processor, and the CC2530 RF module is used as the wireless transceiver to design the flow sensor node, and a simple and easy self-organizing network protocol is proposed. The node software is written in C language to realize the communication between the node and the node, between the gateway node and the host, adopt appropriate sleep strategy to reduce the power consumption of the node; research on the data transmission method of the remote Beidou short message: according to the Beidou short message The communication protocol defines the coding mode of the user machine and the peripheral device, transmits the output information of the user machine to the peripheral device remotely, and schedules the information. A peripheral device of the user's machine is implemented. Using Beidou positioning technology and remote communication technology, the system operation test is carried out, the monitoring parameters are corrected, and the online monitoring of the information acquisition and remote scheduling of the cotton picker is finally realized.

3. Cotton production monitoring data processing: The infrared sensor outputs the analog signal output through the wireless sensor network into a digital signal through filtering and threshold segmentation, and completes the data preprocessing to facilitate the analysis of the cotton flow digital information. In order to greatly improve the system monitoring accuracy, the self-interference noise and mutual interference noise elimination of cotton flow signal based on 3D image proc

Fine agricultural technology has become an important topic of concern and research in the new century, and the spatial distribution of crop yield is the basis of farmland variable farming. How to obtain crop spatial distribution quickly, conveniently and accurately is of great significance for implementing fine agriculture and improving economic benefits. In China, the application of yield monitoring techniques for corn, wheat and other food crops is driving the development of precision agriculture, but cotton production monitoring technology is still in its infancy. Cotton is an important economic crop and strategic material in China. Cotton mining is a production activity with high labor intensity, large labor force and strong seasonality. At present, as a major cotton producing area, Xinjiang's large-scale cotton production mechaniz

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