目的：寄生性杂草列当在新疆广泛存在，对当地加工番茄、甜瓜、西瓜、向日葵等重要经济作物均造成了严重损失。为了有效防治列当危害，本研究对列当种子萌发刺激物独脚金内酯合成相关基因类胡萝卜素裂解双加氧酶基因片段进行克隆、表达及功能验证来明确其在列当与寄主之间相互识别过程中所起的作用。进而再利用RNA沉默技术来研究其对番茄独脚金内酯产生的影响，为培育抗列当品种做好技术储备。

方法：根据根据 Genbank 中已经报道的番茄类胡萝卜素裂解双加氧酶7（CCD7）和类胡萝卜素裂解双加氧酶8（CCD8）基因序列信息，设计特异性引物克隆番茄CCD7和CCD8目的基因片段。采用RNAi技术，设计对番茄CCD7和CCD8基因特异性的RNA沉默载体，通过农杆菌介导转化法将其转入番茄中，建立番茄遗传转化体系。收集不同沉默的番茄植株根系分泌物，采用高效液相色谱质谱法（HPLC-MS）分离、纯化，测定独脚金内酯的含量及其对列当种子萌发的影响，验证CCD7和CCD8基因在独脚金内酯合成中的功能。

结果：1、利用Trzol法从番茄根系中提取总RNA，将其反转录成cDNA。根据 GenBank 公布的番茄CCD7和CCD8基因系列设计引物7-F、7-R和8-F、8-R，以cDNA为模板，进行PCR反应，分别扩增出大小为400bp的CCD7和CCD8基因片段。经菌液PCR和测序鉴定，测序后与模板序列比对结果显示相似度>90%。系统发育树分析结果显示，克隆得到的基因序列分别与Solanum lycopersicum的CCD7、CCD8聚在同一个分支上，同源性非常高，表明克隆得到的目的片段序列正确。

2、通过StuⅠ和SalⅠ双酶切pMD18-T-7和pMD18-T-8质粒，将CCD7和CCD8基因片段进行拼接，连接转化后提取质粒，用限制性内切酶XbaⅠ和SalⅠ双酶切pMD18-T-7+8，获得大小为800bp的串联片段CCD7+8。选用pUCCRNAi为中间载体，利用酶切方式将串联片段CCD7+8插入到中间载体上，构建含有Intro在内的反向重复序列结构，最后将其连入植物表达载体p35中，将连接体系转化大肠杆菌菌株 DH5α。提取抗性菌落的质粒，用PstⅠ酶切质粒检测，结果表明，成功构建了含CCD7和CCD8基因片段的RNA沉默载体p35-7+8（FR）。

3、通过电击转化法，将植物表达载体p35-7+8（FR）导入到农杆菌LBA4404 中，由PCR检测表明p35-7+8（FR）/LBA4404转化成功。利用重组的农杆菌系统为介导，采用叶盘法将植物表达载体p35-7+8（FR）导入番茄，建立番茄遗传转化再生体系。通过PCR 和Southern blot对通过遗传转化得到78株转p35-7+8（FR）基因再生植株基因组 DNA进行检测。检测结果表明：有32株再生植株扩增出大小为 400p 的目标条带，与阳性对照扩增出的条带位置相同，初步说明目的基因已整合到番茄基因组 DNA 中。随机选取3株PCR反应呈阳性的转基因番茄和非转基因番茄植株，分别用它们的PCR产物进行Southern blot杂交，结果发现各有2株转基因植株针对这两个基因都出现了杂交信号。实验结果说明两个基因都已经整合进番茄的基因组。

4、本研究通过大量实验筛选得出：最佳种子灭菌处理方式为：75%酒精 30s+0.1%升汞 1min+无菌水冲洗3次；最佳不定芽诱导培养基为：MS+6-BA 2.0mg/L+IAA 0.2mg/L+Cef 300 mg/L+Kan 50mg/L。无菌苗培养基为：1/2MS ；预、共培养基为：MS+6-BA 0.2mg/L和MS+6-BA 0.2mg/L+Cef 300 mg/L+Kan 50mg/L；生根培养基为：MS+IAA0.2mg/L。

5、通过水培，用活性碳的方法收集了野生型番茄和转基因番茄根系分泌物，利用乙酸乙酯对其进行萃取，得到根系分泌物的粗提物。将根系分泌粗提物配制成1、1×10^-1、1×10^-2、1×10^-3、1×10^-4、1×10^-5、1×10^-6mg/mL的溶液，对预培养好的列当种子进行萌发试验。结果显示，列当种子萌发率随着根系分泌物溶液浓度的增加先升高在降低，野生型、rnai-7和rnai-8都在1×10^-1mg/mL时达到最大值，萌发率为分别是58.89%、27.64%和24.44%，转基因番茄根系分泌物对列当种子的萌发率显著低于野生番茄对列当种子的刺激作用。以萃取纯化的番茄根系分泌物为材料，利用HPLC-MS，对5-deoxystrigol进行检测。结果发现，标样在保留时间2.98min左右时出现了一个单一清晰的峰，但待检测的番茄根系分泌物样品在相近的保留时间内没有出峰，检测不到5-deoxystrigol的存在。

Objective: The Processing tomato, muskmelon, watermelon and sunflower etc crops were seriously damaged by parasitic weed Orobanche in Xinjiang. In order to control Orobanche damage effectively, The broomrape seed germination stimulation strigolactones synthesis related genes of carotenoid cleavage dioxygense were cloned, expressed and function evaluated. RNA silencing echnology was used to study its impact to strigolactones production in tomato. For provide technical reserves for the breeding of resistance to Orobanche varieties. 

Methods: According to the tomato CCD7 and CCD8 gene sequence information reported in Genbank, the specific primers were designed to clone the target gene fragment of tomato CCD7 and CCD8. The RNA silencing vectors of CCD7 and CCD8 genes of tomato were designed by RNAi technology, and the genetic transformation system of tomato was established by Agrobacterium mediated transformation. The parasitic rate of silence tomato plant were evaluated. Meantimes, the silence tomato plant root exudates were collected and were determinated by HPLC-MS separation for verify CCD7 and CCD8 function in strigolactones synthesis process.

Results: 1. Total RNA was extracted from tomato root by Trzol method, and its reverse transcription was cDNA. According to the CCD7 and CCD8 gene sequence information reported in Genbank designed primers 7-F, 7-R and 8-F, 8-R, cDNA as template to PCR reaction, and cloned about 400 bp CCD7 and CCD8 gene fragment, respectively. After PCR and sequencing determination, the results showed that the similarity between the template sequence and the sequence was >90%. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that, the cloned gene sequence with Solanum lycopersicum CCD7、CCD8 gather in a same branch, homology is very high, proved that the cloned fragment sequence is correct.

2、The CCD7 and CCD8 genes were concatenated through StuⅠand SalⅠ enzyme digestion pMD18-T-7 and pMD18-T-8, extract  plasmid after connection and transformation,use restriction endonuclease Xba I and sal I double enzyme digestion pMD18-T-7+8, obtained 800 bp tandem fragment CCD7+8. Select pUCCRNAi as intermediate vector, CCD7+8 was cloned into pUCCRNAi vector in a inverted repeat manner, finally inserted into p35 plant expression vector, then the system was transferred into colicinogenic coli strain DH5α. Plasmid was extracted from the resistant colonies and digested with Pst I enzyme. The results showed that the RNA silencing vector p35-7+8 (FR) containing CCD7 and CCD8 gene fragments was successfully constructed.

3、The plant expression vector p35-7+8 (FR) was introduced into Agrobacterium LBA4404 by electroporation, which was detected by PCR, showed that p35-7+8 (FR) /LBA4404 was successfully transformed. Using recombinant Agrobacterium system is mediated, adopt leaf disc method, the plant expression vector p35-7+8 (FR) into tomato and establishment of tomato genetic transformation regeneration system. Through PCR and Southern blot test obtained 78 transgenic p35-7+8 (FR) gene regeneration plant genomic DNA by genetic transformation. The results showed that: there are 32 plant regeneration plants amplified the size of the target bands of 400p, and the positive control amplified bands with the same location, the initial description of the target gene has been integrated into the tomato genome DNA. Randomly selected three strains of PCR reactions were positive transgenic and non transgenic tomato plants, respectively, use their PCR products to Southern blot, results showed that each have 2 transgenic plants for these two genes have emerged in the hybridization signal 

Objective: The Processing tomato, muskmelon, watermelon and sunflower etc crops were seriously damaged by parasitic weed Orobanche in Xinjiang. In order to control Orobanche damage effectively, The broomrape seed germination stimulation strigolactones synthesis related genes of carotenoid cleavage dioxygense were cloned, expressed and function evaluated. RNA silencing echnology was used to study its impact to strigolactones production in tomato. For provide technical reserves for the breeding of resistance to Orobanche varieties. 

Methods: According to the tomato CCD7 and CCD8 gene sequence information reported in Genbank, the specific primers were designed to clone the target gene fragment of tomato CCD7 and CCD8. The RNA silencing vectors of CCD7 and CCD8 genes of tomato were designed by RNAi technology, and the genetic transformation system of tomato was established by Agrobacterium mediated transformation. The parasitic rate of silence tomato plant were evaluated. Meantimes, the silence tomato plant root exudates were collected and were determinated by HPLC-MS separation for verify CCD7 and CCD8 function in strigolactones synthesis process.

Results: 1. Total RNA was extracted from tomato root by Trzol method, and its reverse transcription was cDNA. According to the CCD7 and CCD8 gene sequence information reported in Genbank designed primers 7-F, 7-R and 8-F, 8-R, cDNA as template to PCR reaction, and cloned about 400 bp CCD7 and CCD8 gene fragment, respectively. After PCR and sequencing determination, the results showed that the

[1] 吴海荣, 强胜. 检疫杂草列当(Orobanche L.) [J]. 杂草科学, 2006, (2):58-60.

[2] Manena JF, Habashia C, Jeanmonod D. Phylogeny and intraspecific variability of holoparasitic holoparasitic Orobanche(Orobanchaceae) inferred plastid rbcL sequences[J]. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2004, 33(2):482-500.

[3] 宋文坚, 曹栋栋, 金宗来,等. 我国主要根寄生杂草列当的寄主、危害及防治对策[J].植物检疫, 2005, 19(4):230-232. 

[4] Radoslava M, Kumkum R, Verstappen F W A, et al. The strigolactone germination stimulants of the plant-parasitic Striga and Orobanche spp. are derived from the carotenoid pathway[J]. Plant Physiology, 2005, 139(2):920-934.

[5] Yoder J I, Scholes J D . Host plant resistance to parasitic weeds; recent progress and bottlenecks[J]. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 2010, 13(4):478-484.

[6] Chris P. Observations on the current status of Orobanche and Striga problems worldwide[J]. Pest Management Science, 2009, 65(5):453-459. 

[7] 张学坤，姚兆群，赵思峰，丁丽丽，杜娟. 分枝( 瓜) 列当在新疆的分布、危害及其风险评估[J]. 植物检疫, 2012, 26(6):31-33

[8] Pouvreau J B, Gaudin Z, Auger B, et al. A high-throughput seed germination assay for root parasitic plants[J]. Plant Methods, 2013, 9(1):1-12.

[9] Joel D M, Bar H, Mayer A M, et al. Seed ultrastructure and water absorption pathway of the root-parasitic plant Phelipanche aegyptiaca (Orobanchaceae)[J]. Annals of Botany, 2012, 109(1):181-195.

[10] 宋文坚. 根寄生杂草列当种子的萌发及其调控的研究[D]. 浙江大学, 2006.

[11] 黄建中, 李扬汉. 检疫性寄生杂草列当及其防除与检疫[J]. 杂草科学, 1994, (4):7-9.

[12] 陈松林, 李宁静. 浅谈瓜列当对西、甜瓜的危害[J]. 农村科技, 1997, 6:12-13.

[13] 王靖, 崔超, 李亚珍, 等. 全寄生杂草向日葵列当研究现状与展望[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2015, 43(5):144-147.

[14] 余国新, 张建红. 新疆番茄产业发展与种植模式分析[J]. 北方园艺, 2011, (14):179-182.

[15] 柴阿丽, 迟庆勇, 何伟, 李宝聚. 寄生性杂草分枝列当对新疆加工番茄为害严重[J]. 中国蔬菜, 2013, (17):20-22.

[16] 张亚兰, 成金丽, 张建云, 等. 昌吉州加工番茄列当发生情况与综合防治技术[J]. 新疆农业科技, 2014, (6):37-38.

[17] Radoslava M, Kumkum R, Verstappen F W A, et al. The strigolactone germination stimulants of the plant-parasitic Striga and Orobanche spp. are derived from the carotenoid pathway[J]. Plant Physiology, 2005, 139(2):920-934.

[18] Xie X, Yoneyama K, Yoneyama K. The Strigolactone Story[J]. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 2010, 48(1):93-117.

[19] 马永清, 董淑琦, 任祥祥, 等. 列当杂草及其防除措施展望[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2012, (1):133-138.

[20] 陈德鑫, 孔凡玉, 许家来, 等. 烟草上列当的发生与防治措施研究进展[J]. 植物检疫, 2012, 26(6):49-53.

[21] 白全江, 云晓鹏, 高占明, 等. 内蒙古向日葵列当发生危害及其防治技术措施[J]. 内蒙古农业科技, 2013, (1):75-76.

[22] 唐嘉成, 兰艳丰, 夏博, 等. 施用有机肥对防治烟草上向日葵列当的效果[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2013, 41(4):119-121.

[23] Haidar M A, Bibi W, Sidahmed M M. Response of branched broomrape ( Orobanche ramosa ) growth and development to various soil amendments in potato[J]. Crop Prot

[1] 吴海荣, 强胜. 检疫杂草列当(Orobanche L.) [J]. 杂草科学, 2006, (2):58-60.

[2] Manena JF, Habashia C, Jeanmonod D. Phylogeny and intraspecific variability of holoparasitic holoparasitic Orobanche(Orobanchaceae) inferred plastid rbcL sequences[J]. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2004, 33(2):482-500.

[3] 宋文坚, 曹栋栋, 金宗来,等. 我国主要根寄生杂草列当的寄主、危害及防治对策[J].植物检疫, 2005, 19(4):230-232. 

[4] Radoslava M, Kumkum R, Verstappen F W A, et al. The strigolactone germination stimulants of the plant-parasitic Striga and Orobanche spp. are derived from the carotenoid pathway[J]. Plant Physiology, 2005, 139(2):920-934.

[5] Yoder J I, Scholes J D . Host plant resistance to parasitic weeds; recent progress and bottlenecks[J]. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 2010, 13(4):478-484.

[6] Chris P. Observations on the current status of Orobanche and Striga problems worldwide[J]. Pest Management Science, 2009, 65(5):453-459. 

[7] 张学坤，姚兆群，赵思峰，丁丽丽，杜娟. 分枝( 瓜) 列当在新疆的分布、危害及其风险评估[J]. 植物检疫, 2012, 26(6):31-33

[8] Pouvreau J B, Gaudin Z, Auger B, et al. A high-throughput seed germination assay for root parasitic plants[J]. Plant Methods, 2013, 9(1):1-12.

[9] Joel D M, Bar H, Mayer A M, et al. Seed ultrastructure and water absorption pathway of the root-parasitic plant Phelipanche aegyptiaca (Orobanchaceae)[J]. Annals of Botany, 2012, 109(1):181-195.

[10] 宋文坚. 根寄生杂草列当种子的萌发及其调控的研究[D]. 浙江大学, 2006.

[11] 黄建中, 李扬汉. 检疫性寄生杂草列当及其防除与检疫[J]. 杂草科学, 1994, (4):7-9.

[12] 陈松林, 李宁静. 浅谈瓜列当对西、甜瓜的危害[J]. 农村科技, 1997, 6:12-13.

[13] 王靖, 崔超, 李亚珍, 等. 全寄生杂草向日葵列当研究现状与展望[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2015, 43(5):144-147.

[14] 余国新, 张建红. 新疆番茄产业发展与种植模式分析[J]. 北方园艺, 2011, (14):179-182.

[15] 柴阿丽, 迟庆勇, 何伟, 李宝聚. 寄生性杂草分枝列当对新疆加工番茄为害严重[J]. 中国蔬菜, 2013, (17):20-22.

[16] 张亚兰, 成金丽, 张建云, 等. 昌吉州加工番茄列当发生情况与综合防治技术[J]. 新疆农业科技, 2014, (6):37-38.

[17] Radoslava M, Kumkum R, Verstappen F W A, et al. The strigolactone germination stimulants of the plant-parasitic Striga and Orobanche spp. are derived from the carotenoid pathway[J]. Plant Physiology, 2005, 139(2):920-934.

[18] Xie X, Yoneyama K, Yoneyama K. The Strigolactone Story[J]. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 2010, 48(1):93-117.

[19] 马永清, 董淑琦, 任祥祥, 等. 列当杂草及其防除措施展望[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2012, (1):133-138.

[20] 陈德鑫, 孔凡玉, 许家来, 等. 烟草上列当的发生与防治措施研究进展[J]. 植物检疫, 2012, 26(6):49-53.

[21] 白全江, 云晓鹏, 高占明, 等. 内蒙古向日葵列当发生危害及其防治技术措施[J]. 内蒙古农业科技, 2013, (1):75-76.

[22] 唐嘉成, 兰艳丰, 夏博, 等. 施用有机肥对防治烟草上向日葵列当的效果[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2013, 41(4):119-121.

[23] Haidar M A, Bibi W, Sidahmed M M. Response of branched broomrape ( Orobanche ramosa ) growth and development to various soil amendments in potato[J]. Crop Protection, 2003, 22(2):291-294.

[24] 张连昌, 谭超亮, 程乐强. 黑膜防治烟草列当技术研究[J]. 中外企业家, 2013, (14):236-237.

[25] 段永辉, 张新建, 陈卫民. 48%仲丁灵乳油防除向日葵列当效果研究[J]. 现代农业科技, 2010, (11):154-155.

[26] Qasem J R. Chemical control of branched broomrape ( Orobanche ramosa ) in glasshouse grown tomato[J]. Crop Protection, 1998, 17(8):625-630.

[27] Kgosi R L, Zwanenburg B, Mwakaboko A S, et al. Strigolactone analogues induce suicidal seed germination of Striga spp. in soil[J]. Weed Research, 2012, 52(3):197–203.

[28] 冷廷瑞, 姚德军, 李秀华, 等. 吉林省向日葵列当防治药剂筛选[J]. 黑龙江农业科学, 2014, (11).

[29] 黄建中, 李扬汉. 检疫性寄生杂草列当及其防除与检疫[J]. 杂草科学, 1994, (4):7-9.

[30] 李淑娥, 巨瑞芹, 杨渡. 草甘膦与都尔复配防除瓜列当[J]. 新疆农业科学, 1992, (3):122-123.

[31] 陈永峰. 向日葵列当的综合防治[J]. 北京农业, 2015, (22).

[32] Sharma P, Rai P K, Siddiqui S A, et al. First Report of Fusarium Wilt in the Broomrape Parasite Growing on Brassica spp. in India[J]. Plant Disease, 2011, 95(1):75-75.

[33] 东保柱, 陈贵红, 赵君, 等. 新疆阿勒泰地区和内蒙古乌拉特前旗抗列当向日葵品种(系)的鉴定[J]. 中国农学通报, 2016, (1).

[34] 王鹏冬, 杨新元, 赵晓军,等. 山西食用向日葵种质资源对列当抗性的初步鉴定[J]. 甘肃农业科技, 2007, (1):16-17.

[35] Jan C C, Liu Z, Seiler G J, et al. Broomrape (Orobanche Cumana Wallr.) Resistance Breeding Utilizing Wild Helianthus Species[J]. Helia, 2014, 37(61):141-150.

[36] Pérez-Vich B, Akhtouch B, Muñoz-Ruz J, et al. Inheritance of resistance to a highly virulent race F of Orobanche cumana Wallr. in a sunflower line derived from interspecific amphiploids[J]. Helia, 2002, 25(36):137-143.

[37] Seiler G J, Jan C C. Wild Sunflower Species as a Genetic Resource for Resistance to Sunflower Broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.)[J]. Helia, 2014, 37(61):129-139.

[38] Joel D M. The long-term approach to parasitic weeds control: manipulation of specific developmental mechanisms of the parasite. Crop Prot[J]. Crop Protection, 2000, 19(4):753-758.

[39] 宁繁华, 张锐, 兰艳丰, 等. 生防镰刀菌对烟草生长发育的影响[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2011, 39(2):158-159.

[40] Müller-Stöver D, Kohlschmid E, Sauerborn J. A novel strain of Fusarium oxysporum from Germany and its potential for biocontrol of Orobanche ramosa[J]. Weed Research, 2009, 49(2):175–182.

[41] 付颖, 叶非, 王常波. 生物源除草剂研究与使用进展[J]. 农药, 2002, 41(5):7-10.

[42] 陈勇. 尖角突脐孢菌作为真菌除草剂防除稗草潜力的研究[D]. 中国农业大学, 2001.

[43] Bouizgarne B, Elmaaroufbouteau H, Madiona K, et al. A putative role for fusaric acid in biocontrol of the parasitic angiosperm Orobanche ramosa.[J]. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, 2006, 19(5):550-6.

[44] 孔令晓, 王连生, 赵聚莹, 等. 烟草及向日葵上列当Orobanche cumana的发生及其生物防治[J]. 植物病理学报, 2006, 36(5):466-469.

[45] 吴元华, 宁繁华, 刘晓琳, 等. 生防镰刀菌(Fusarium sp.)对烟草列当的防效[J]. 烟草科技, 2011(10):78-80.

[46] 朱广济. 瓜列当的“诱杀”作物初探[J]. 新疆农业科学, 1990(2):73-74. 

[47] 丁丽丽, 张学坤, 赵思峰,等. 引起新疆向日葵列当茎基腐病的镰刀菌分离与鉴定[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2012, 49(6):1096-1102.

[48] 丁丽丽. 列当高效生防菌的筛选及其防治机理研究[D]. 石河子大学, 2012.

[49] Klein O, Kroschel J. Biological control of Orobanche spp. with Phytomyza orobanchia , a review[J]. Biocontrol, 2002, 47(3):245-277.

[50] Rubiales D, Fernández-Aparicio M. Innovations in parasitic weeds management in legume crops. A review[J]. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 2012, 32(2):433-449.

[51] Westwood J H Y J I, Timko M P, Depamphilis C W. The evolution of parasitism in plants[J]. Trends in Plant Science, 2010, 15(4):227-235.

[52] Cook C E, Whichard L P, Turner B, et al. Germination of Witchweed (Striga lutea Lour.): Isolation and Properties of a Potent Stimulant[J]. Science, 1966, 154(3753):1189-90.

[53] Yokota T, Sakai H, Okuno K, et al. ChemInform Abstract: Alectrol and Orobanchol, Germination Stimulants for Orobanche minor, from its Host Red Clover.[J]. Phytochemistry, 1998, 49(7):1967-1973.

[54] Kohki A, Ken-Ichi M, Hideo H. Plant sesquiterpenes induce hyphal branching in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.[J]. Nature, 2005, 435(7043):824-7.

[55] Victoria G R, Soraya F, Brewer P B, et al. Strigolactone inhibition of shoot branching.[J]. Nature, 2008, 455(7210):189-94.

[56] Mikihisa U, Atsushi H, Satoko Y, et al. Inhibition of shoot branching by new terpenoid plant hormones.[J]. Nature, 2008, 455(7210):195-200.

[57] Hu Z, Yan H, Yang J, et al. Strigolactones Negatively Regulate Mesocotyl Elongation in Rice during Germination and Growth in Darkness[J]. Plant & Cell Physiology, 2010, 51(7):1136-1142.

[58] Kapulnik Y, Delaux P M, Resnick N, et al. Strigolactones affect lateral root formation and root-hair elongation in Arabidopsis[J]. Planta, 2011, 233(1):209-216.

[59] Philip, Brewer, Hinanit, et al. Diverse Roles of Strigolactones in Plant Development[J]. Molecular Plant, 2013, 6(1):18-28.

[60] Rameau C. Strigolactones, a novel class of plant hormone controlling shoot branching.[J]. Comptes Rendus Biologies, 2010, 333(4):344-9.

[61] Weerasuriya Y, Siame B A, Hess D, et al. Influence of conditions and genotype on the amount of Striga germination stimulants exuded by roots of several host crops[J]. J.agric.food Chem, 2002, 41(9):1492-1496.

[62] Beveridge C A. Axillary bud outgrowth: sending a message.[J]. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 2006, 9(1):35-40.

[63] Foo E ,, Turnbull C G, Beveridge C A. Long-distance signaling and the control of branching in the rms1 mutant of pea.[J]. Plant Physiology, 2001, 126(1):203-209.

[64] 陈虞超, 巩檑, 张丽,等. 新型植物激素独脚金内酯的研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2015(24):157-162.

[65] 王瑞凯. 大豆独脚金内酯合成相关基因的克隆、功能与分子进化分析[C]// 第23届全国大豆科研生产研讨会. 2012.

[66] Fernández-Aparicio M.,Yoneyama K., and Rubiales D. . The role of strigolactones in host specificity of Orobanche and Phelipanche seed germination. Seed Science Research, 2011, 21: 55-61.

[67] Cohen M, Prandi C, Occhiato E G, et al. Structure-Function Relations of Strigolactone Analogs: Activity as Plant Hormones and Plant Interactions[J]. Molecular Plant, 2013, 6:141-152.

[68] Cardoso C, Charnikhova T, Jamil M, et al. Differential activity of Striga hermonthica seed germination stimulants and Gigaspora rosea hyphal branching factors in rice and their contribution to underground communication.[J]. Plos One, 2014, 9(8):e104201-e104201.

[69] Conn C. E., Bythell-Douglas R., Neumann D., Yoshida S., Whittington B., Westwood J. H., Shirasu K., Bond C.S., Dyer K. A., and Nelson D. C. Convergent evolution of strigolactone perception enabled host detection in parasitic plants. Science,2015, 349(6247): 540-543.

[70] Cardoso C1, Ruyter-Spira C, Bouwmeester HJ. Strigolactones and root infestation by plant-parasitic Striga, Orobanche and Phelipanche spp. Plant Science, 2011, 180(3):414-420.

[71] Dor E., Yoneyama K., Wininger S,et al. 2011. Strigolactone deficiency confers resistance in tomato Line SL-ORF1 to the parasitic weeds Phelipanche and Orobanche spp.Phytopathology,2011,101(2):213-222.

[72] López-Ráez JA, Charnikhova T, Gómez-Roldán V, et al. Tomato strigolactones are derived from carotenoids and their biosynthesis is promoted by phosphate starvation. New Phytologist, 2008, 178(4): 863-874.

[73] Radoslava M, Kumkum R, Verstappen F W A, et al. The strig