冬枣（Zizyphus jujuba cv. Dongzao）是具有新疆特色的水果之一，因其具有独特的风味口感和丰富的营养成分，成为水果市场供不应求的佳品。然而，冬枣采后因其本身果皮薄、含水量和呼吸强度高等特性，导致果实采后极易霉烂，货架期缩短。木犀草素作为一种天然的黄酮类化合物，能够很好地清除果实中的自由基，为细胞氧化损伤提供保护。本研究选用不同浓度的木犀草素对冬枣进行采后处理，通过评估外源木犀草素对冬枣果实贮藏品质、抗氧化系统和生物活性物质的影响，研究外源木犀草素对冬枣果实营养价值的作用效果，以期为冬枣果实采后贮藏保鲜技术提供理论基础。本文主要研究结果如下：

（1）不同浓度木犀草素溶液处理对冬枣理化品质的影响

结果表明不同浓度木犀草素处理均有利于维持冬枣果实的贮藏品质及营养价值。在贮藏结束时，与对照组相比，200 mg L^-1木犀草素处理组果实腐烂率（6.6%）和失重率（2.50%）较低，果实硬度（11.2 N）、可溶性固形物含量（31.89%）和可滴定酸含量（0.19%）较高，色差值（0.03）、呼吸速率（5.69 μg kg^-1 s⁻¹）、乙烯释放速率（1.21 μL kg^-1 s⁻¹）和糖酸比（167.84%）维持在较低水平。综上所述，200 mg L^-1木犀草素处理在维持冬枣果实贮藏过程中的理化品质方面效果最优。

（2）木犀草素处理对冬枣抗氧化系统的影响

研究发现木犀草素处理能通过维持冬枣果实较高的抗氧化酶活性和自由基清除能力，清除果实中过量积累的ROS。在贮藏第75天，木犀草素处理组过氧化氢和超氧阴离子含量分别比对照组低19%和5%，同时，木犀草素处理提高了冬枣果实中POD（6.23 U g^-1）、SOD（5307.99 U L^-1）、APX（36.22 U L^-1）、CAT（72.68 U g^-1）和GR（68.69 U g^-1）酶活性以及羟自由基（31.66%）清除速率，保持了冬枣果实较高的抗氧化能力（DPPH（55.84%）、ABTS（52.66%）和FRAP（58.69%））。

（3）木犀草素处理对冬枣生物活性物质的影响

木犀草素处理后冬枣果实中总酚、抗坏血酸和类黄酮含量在贮藏结束时高达4.92 mg g^-1、25.36 mg g^-1和5.482 mg g^-1，同时，该处理降低了果实中脱氢抗坏血酸（334.59 ng L^-1）、单脱氢抗坏血酸（113.31 ng L^-1）和查尔酮（0.6 mg g^-1）含量，延缓了花青素（0.46 mg g^-1）的生物合成；此外，木犀草素处理提高了果实中DHAR（3834.08 U L^-1）和MDHAR（1402.34 U L^-1）酶活性，延缓了PAL（76.18 U L^-1）、C4H（228.87 U L^-1）和4CL（97.98 U L^-1）酶活性高峰的出现，进而维持较高的CHS（88.59 U L^-1）酶活性。综上所述，木犀草素处理能够保持冬枣果实较高的生物活性物质和相关酶活性，维持采后贮藏期间冬枣的营养价值。

Zizyphus jujuba cv. Dongzao is one of the fruits with unique Xinjiang characteristics. Due to its unique flavor, taste, and rich nutritional , it has become a high-quality product in the fruit market that is in short supply. However, due to the thin skin, high moisture content, and high respiratory intensity of winter jujube after harvest, the fruit is prone to mold and rot, severely limiting the storage and preservation period of winter jujube fruit, greatly reducing its commercial and edible value, and greatly restricting the development of winter jujube industry. Luteolin, chemically known as 3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxyflavones, is a natural flavonoid compound that can effectively scavenge free radicals and provide protection against oxidative damage to cells. This study selected 100 mg L^-1, 200 mg L^-1, and 400 mg L^-1 luteolin for postharvest treatment of winter jujube, and stored them under conditions of 0 ± 1 ℃ and relative humidity of 85-90%. By evaluating the effects of exogenous flavonoids, luteolin, on the storage quality, bioactive substances, reactive oxygen species, antioxidant enzyme activity, and free radical scavenging ability of winter jujube fruit, the regulatory mechanism of exogenous luteolin on winter jujube ripening and aging was revealed, In order to extend the storage period of winter jujube through external treatment and provide a theoretical basis for the postharvest storage and preservation technology of winter jujube fruits. The main research results of this article are as follows:

(1) Effect of different concentrations of luteolin solution treatment on the physical and chemical quality of winter jujube.

Different concentrations of luteolin treatment are beneficial for maintaining the storage quality and high nutritional value of winter jujube fruit, with 200 mg L^-1 of luteolin being the optimal treatment concentration. At the end of storage, compared with the control group, 200 mg L^-1 luteolin treatment could significantly inhibit the increase of fruit decay rate (6.6%) and weight loss (2.50%), delay the decline of fruit frimness (11.2N), soluble solids (31.89%) and titratable acid (0.19%), and maintain a low level of color difference (0.03) ,respiratory rate (5.69 mg/kg·h),ethylene release rate (1.21 μL/kg·h) and sugar to acid ratio (167.84%). In summary, the treatment with 200 mg L^-1 of luteolin has the best effect in maintaining the post-harvest quality of winter jujube fruit.

(2) Effect of luteolin treatment on the antioxidant system of winter jujube.

Research has found that luteolin treatment can clear excess accumulation of reactive oxygen species in winter jujube fruits by maintaining high antioxidant enzyme activity and free radical scavenging ability. At 75 days of storage, the levels of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion in the luteolin treated group were 19% and 5% lower than those in the control group, respectively. In addition, luteolin treatment increased the activity of POD (6.23 U g^-1), SOD (5307.99 U L^-1), APX (36.22 U L^-1), CAT (72.68 U g^-1), and GR (68.69 U g^-1) enzymes in winter jujube fruit, as well as increased the clearance rate of hydroxyl radicals (31.66%) and DPPH (55.84%) ABTS (52.66%) and FRAP (58.69%) have free radical scavenging ability, maintaining high antioxidant capacity of the fruit and delaying the consumption and aging process of bioactive substances in the fruit.

(3) Effect of luteolin treatment on the bioactive substances of winter jujube.

Luteolin treatment can induce phenylpropane metabolism and ascorbic acid metabolism in winter jujube fruit, thereby increasing the content of bioactive substances in winter jujube. At the end of storage, the content of total phenols, ascorbic acid, and flavonoids in the fruits treated with luteolin was as high as 4.92 mg g^-1, 25.36 mg g^-1, and 5.482 mg g^-1. In addition, luteolin treatment can delay the biosynthesis of anthocyanins (0.46 mg g^-1) by reducing the content of dehydroascorbic acid (334.59 ng L^-1), monodehydroascorbic acid (113.31 ng L^-1), and chalcone (0.6 mg g^-1) in the fruits; Increase the enzyme activity of DHAR (3834.08 U L^-1) and MDHAR (1402.34 U L^-1) in fruits, delay the metabolic peaks of PAL (76.18 U L^-1), C4H (228.87 U L^-1), and 4CL (97.98 U L^-1) enzymes, and maintain high CHS (88.59 U L^-1) enzyme activity. In summary, luteolin treatment can maintain a high content of bioactive substances and related enzyme activities in winter jujube fruit, thereby regulating the internal redox homeostasis and aging process of the fruit.

Key words: Winter jujube; Luteolin; Storage quality; Bioactive substances; Enzymatic activity.

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