目的：目前，我国肉牛产业发展处于初级阶段，肉牛养殖业发展受限于关键瓶颈因素，当前，存在肉牛养殖业最突出的问题是能繁母牛受胎率不高，犊牛成活率不高。基于此，为了提高新疆塔额盆地规模化肉牛养殖水平，保证肉牛养殖业的良性可持续发展。我们选取该地区具有代表性的164团安格斯肉牛场进行了调查和试验，目的是为了提高安格斯肉牛场繁殖母牛的受胎率和犊牛成活率，以便解决当前该地区肉牛养殖业存在的以上突出问题。重点在产犊季节调整、繁殖母牛如何应用集中配种方案提高受胎率、新生犊牛护理程序方面开展了初步研究。

方法：（1）采用查阅和整理生产记录数据、肉牛体况评分、B型超声诊断的方法，在采用肉牛9分制评分的基础上，将安格斯牛分为四个组（BCS ≤3、BCS 4、BCS 5~7、BCS≥8），对四个组的首次配种分布、配种次数、受胎率进行了比较分析。（2）筛选出适合做同期发情的安格斯母牛，设计不同的同期发情方案，采用不同的同期发情的方案对母牛进行处理，详细记录发情、配种和受胎率，比较不同方案的受胎效果并进行分析。（3）通过对肉牛同期化排卵-定时输精的3种不同优化方案的母牛进行处理，记录其发情、配种次数、受胎情况，运用SPSS 22.0分析软件比较不同优化方案的受胎效果。（4）选用114头安格斯新生犊牛，实施2种冬季是否穿犊牛马甲的新生犊牛护理方案，2种春季预防性注射瑞可新和牛羊咳喘烂肺康的新生犊牛护理方案，比较其新生犊牛腹泻、肺炎发病率。

结果：（1）配种1次中，BCS≥8与其他三组差异显著（0.01＜P＜0.05）；配种2次中BCS≤3与BCS 5~7、BCS≤3与BCS≥8差异显著（0.01＜P＜0.05），BCS 4与BCS 5~7、BCS 4与BCS≥8差异显著（0.01＜P＜0.05）；配种3次BCS≤3与BCS 4、BCS 4与BCS5~7、BCS 4与BCS≥8差异显著（0.01＜P＜0.05）。体况、配种次数对安格斯母牛受胎率有一定的影响。（2）在620头试验牛同期处理结果中，利用CIDR法进行同期发情方案的受胎率最高，达82.3%；应用LRH法的同情发情方案，其受胎率为80.9%；使用PG法的同情发情方案的受胎率是62.9%。同期发情不同方案对安格斯牛的受胎效果有比较明显的影响，由于在处理组上可能存在体况、年龄、数量和营养状况等因素影响，各方案间存在效果差异，其中较优方案是应用CIDR进行同期发情处理。（3）同LRH-AD₃E-PG-LRH组与患子宫炎组配种1次受胎效果差异显著，LRH-PG-LRH组与患子宫炎组、LRH-AD₃E-PG-LRH组与患子宫炎组配种2次受胎效果差异显著（0.01＜P＜0.05），LRH-PG-LRH组与患子宫炎组、LRH-AD₃E-PG-LRH组与患子宫炎组配种3次以上受胎效果差异极显著（P＜0.01）。（4）冬季穿犊牛马甲、春季预防性注射泰拉霉素的新生犊牛腹泻及发病率降低。

Object:At present, the development of beef cattle industry in China is in the primary stage, and the development of beef cattle breeding industry is limited to the key bottleneck factors. At present, the most prominent problem in beef cattle breeding industry is that the conception rate of fertile cows is not high and the survival rate of calves is not high. Based on this, in order to improve the level of large-scale beef cattle breeding in Ta'e Basin, Xinjiang, to ensure the benign and sustainable development of beef cattle breeding industry. We selected 164 representative Angus beef farms in this area to carry out investigation and experiment, in order to improve the conception rate and calf survival rate of breeding cows in Angus beef farm, in order to solve the above outstanding problems existing in the beef cattle breeding industry in this area. A preliminary study was carried out on the adjustment of calving season, how to improve the conception rate of breeding cows and the nursing procedure of newborn calves. 

Methods:(1)By consulting and sorting out the production record data, beef cattle body condition score and B-mode ultrasound diagnosis, Angus cattle were divided into four groups (BCS ≤ 3, BCS4, BCS5~7, BCS ≥ 8) on the basis of 9-point system of beef cattle. The first mating distribution, mating times and conception rate of the four groups were compared and analyzed.(2) The Angus cows suitable for estrus synchronization were selected, different estrus synchronization schemes were designed, different estrus synchronization schemes were used to deal with the cows, and the estrus, mating and conception rate were recorded in detail. the conception effects of different schemes were compared and analyzed.(3)The cows of three different optimization schemes of simultaneous ovulation and timing insemination of beef cattle were treated, and their estrus, mating times and conception were recorded, and the conception effects of different optimization schemes were compared by SPSS22.0 analysis software.(4)114 Angus newborn calves were selected to carry out two kinds of nursing schemes of whether to wear calf vest in winter and two kinds of nursing schemes of preventive injection of Draxxin and Niu Yang Kechuanfei Kang in spring. The incidence of diar

Object:At present, the development of beef cattle industry in China is in the primary stage, and the development of beef cattle breeding industry is limited to the key bottleneck factors. At present, the most prominent problem in beef cattle breeding industry is that the conception rate of fertile cows is not high and the survival rate of calves is not high. Based on this, in order to improve the level of large-scale beef cattle breeding in Ta'e Basin, Xinjiang, to ensure the benign and sustainable development of beef cattle breeding industry. We selected 164 representative Angus beef farms in this area to carry out investigation and experiment, in order to improve the conception rate and calf survival rate of breeding cows in Angus beef farm, in order to solve the above outstanding problems existing in the beef cattle breeding industry in this area. A preliminary study was carried out on the adjustment of calving season, how to improve the conception rate of breeding cows and the nursing procedure of newborn calves. 

Methods:(1)By consulting and sorting out the production record data, beef cattle body condition score and B-mode ultrasound diagnosis, Angus cattle were divided into four groups (BCS ≤ 3, BCS4, BCS5~7, BCS ≥ 8) on the basis of 9-point system of beef cattle. The first mating distribution, mating times and conception rate of the four groups were compared and analyzed.(2) The Angus cows suitable for estrus synchronization were selected, different estrus synchronization schemes were designed, different estrus synchronization schemes were used to deal with the cows, and the estrus, matin

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[19]&nb

[1] Abby Bauer,杨萌.胎次与分娩季节也会影响初乳质量[J].养牛杂志，2020,6,57

[2] U.J. Schröder,R. Staufenbiel. Invited Review: Methods to Determine Body Fat Reserves in the Dairy Cow with Special Regard to Ultrasonographic Measurement of Backfat Thic-kness[J]. Journal of Dairy Science,2006,89:1-14.

[3] Ayres H,Ferreira R M,Torres-Júnior J R S,et al. Inferences of body energy reserves on conception rate of suckled Zebu beef cows subjected to timed artificial insemination follo-wed by natural mating.[J]. Theriogenology,2014,82,539-536.

[4] Silva Saulo da Luz e,Leme Paulo Roberto,Putrino Soraia Marques,et al. Estimativa do peso e do rendimento de carcaça de tourinhos Brangus e Nelore, por medidas de ultrason-ografia[J]. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia,2003,32:1227-1235.

[5] Ayres, H., Ferreira, R.M., Torres-Junior, J.R.,et al.Validation of body condiction score as a predictor of subcutaneous fat in Nelore (Bos indicus) cows[J]. Liv. Sci. 2009,123:175–179.

[6] Luiz F.M. Pfeifer,Natália A. Castro,Paulo M.A. et al. Development and validation of an objective method for the assessment of body condition scores and selection of beef cows for timed artificial insemination[J]. Livestock Science,2017,197.

[7] Wagner, J.J et.al,Carcass composition in mature Hereford cows:estimation and effect on daily metabolizable energy requirement during winter [J]. Anim. Sci.1988, 66, 603 – 612.

[8] Bishop, D.K, Wettemann, R.P, Spicer, L.J.Body energy reserves influence the onset of luteal activity after early weaning of beef cows[J]. Anim. Sci. 1994.72, 2703 – 2708.

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[10] Richards, M.W, Spitzer, J.C,Warner, M.B., Effect of varying levels of postpartum nutrition and BCS at claving on subsequent reproductive performance in beef cattle[J]. Anim. Sci. 1986. 62, 300 – 306.

[11] Selk, G.E, Wettemann, R.P, Lusby, K.S et al.. Relationship among weight change, body condition and reproductive performance of range beef cows[J]. Anim. Sci.1988. 66, 3153-3159.

[12] Houghton, P.L, Lemenager, R.P, Horstman, L.A.et.al. Effects of body composition, pre- and postpartum energy level and early weaning on reproductive performance of beef cows and preweaning calf gain[J]. Anim. Sci.1990,68, 1438 – 1446.

[13] McCann, J.P., Reimers, T.J. Effffects of obesity on insulin and glucose metabolism in cyclic heifers. J. Anim. Sci.1986,62, 772–782.

[14] Kawashima C, Kida K, Matsuhashi M et al.Effffect of suckling on the reproductive performance and metabolic status of obese Japanese black cattle during the early postpartum period[J] Reprod. Dev.2008,54, 46–51.

[15] Morriso, D.G., Spitzer, J.C., Perkins, J.L. Influence of prepartum body condition score change on reproduction in multiparous beef cows calving in moderate body condition[J]. Anim. Sci. 1999,77, 1048 – 1054.

[16] Whitman, R.W., Remmenga, E.E., Wiltbank, J.N. Weight change condition and beef–cow reproduction[J]. Anim. Sci. 1975,41, 387 (Abstr.).

[17] Rutter L M,Randel R D. Postpartum nutrient intake and body condition: effect on pituitary function and onset of estrus in beef cattle.[J]. Journal of animal science,1984,58:265-274.

[18] Wikse S E,Herd D B,Field R W,et al. Use of performance ratios to calculate the economic impact of thin cows in a beef cattle herd.[J]. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association,1995,207:1292-1297.

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